 | ||
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| ← 1966 | 17 October 1970 | 1974 → |
|
| ||
| All 125 seats in the Enderronian Parliament 63 seats needed for a majority | ||
| Turnout | 10,664,775 (91.59%) ( 42.49pp)
| |
|
| |
| Leader | Calvin Rhinehart | Alex Holthe |
| Party | Social Democrats | United |
| Leader since | 16 December 1967 | 6 April 1967 |
| Leader's seat | Parkes (JZ) | Fairfax (FL) |
| Last election | 55 seats, 41.03% | 70 seats, 45.27% |
| Seats won | 94 | 30 |
| Seat change | 39
|
 40
|
| Popular vote | 5,920,017 | 3,534,306 |
| Percentage | 55.51% | 33.14% |
| Swing | 14.48pp
|
12.13pp
|
| TPP | 58.40% | 41.60% |
| TPP swing | 11.65pp
|
11.65pp
|
|
| ||
 Winning party by electorate | ||
|
| ||
 Popular vote by prefecture, with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an IRV election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by prefecture but instead via results by each electorate. | ||
|
| ||
| Prime Minister before election | Elected Prime Minister | |
| Alex Holthe United |
Calvin Rhinehart Social Democrats | |
A federal election was held in Enderron on Saturday 17 October 1970 to elect the 125 members of the 7th Enderronian Parliament. It was the first election held following Enderron's transition to a republic.
The incumbent eighth-term United Party government, led by Prime Minister Alex Holthe and in office since 1943, was defeated by the opposition Social Democratic Party, led by Calvin Rhinehart, in a landslide, ending 27 years of consecutive United government and a 33 years of opposition for the Social Democrats. It was the first time the SDP had won a nationwide election since 1934, and the first time the United Party was consigned to opposition since its formation. The election produced the most lopsided parliament in Enderronian history, with the SDP winning more than three-quarters of the total seats.
In its landslide victory, the SDP won many seats considered United heartland, especially in outer suburban areas of the major cities. In some of these seats, the swings suffered by United were virtually unheard of in Enderronian politics, and some proved to be permanent swings away from the party, signifying the beginning of a new party system. The Social Democrats broke the United Party's longstanding grip on northern and southwestern Enderron, sweeping Longshan and Sierra, falling short of a sweep by one seat each in Kaigan and Miranda, and winning a majority of seats in Cooksland, New Surrey and Plymouth for the first time since independence. For the first (and currently only) time, the Social Democrats won a majority of seats in the traditionally conservative region of Western Enderron.
The Social Democrats recorded a majority of seats in every prefecture except Lawrencia and Flinders, and polled a majority of the two-party-preferred vote in every prefecture except the latter. The SDP's victory was significantly greater than any of the United Party's previous seven straight victories, and resulted in the largest majority government in Enderron to date. Conversely, the United Party was defeated for the first time since its founding in 1943, and suffered the worst election defeat for a governing party in Enderronian history. It lost significant ground in many of its erstwhile strongholds, and was almost completely shut out of Eastern Enderron, winning just three of the region's 28 seats.
The 1970 election was the first conducted under compulsory voting; as a result, turnout skyrocketed from 49.10 percent in 1966 to 91.59 percent. Turnout has remained above 90 percent at every federal election since.
Results[]
| ↓ | ||
| 94 | 1 | 30 |
| Social Democrats | I | United |
| ||||||
| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | +/− | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democrats | 5,920,017 | 55.51 | 14.48
|
94 | 39
| |
| United | 3,534,306 | 33.14 | 12.13
|
30 | 40
| |
| New Democratic | 664,415 | 6.23 | 2.18
|
0 |  0
| |
| Conservative | 181,301 | 1.70 | 3.67
|
0 | 0
| |
| Other | 364,735 | 3.42 | 0.86
|
1 | 1
| |
| Two-party-preferred vote | ||||||
| Social Democrats | 6,228,229 | 58.40 | 11.65
|
94 | 39
| |
| United | 4,436,546 | 41.60 | 11.65
|
30 | 40
| |
| Total | 10,664,775 | 100 | 125 | |||
Independents: Frank Blackburn
Results by prefecture[]
| Party | JZ | PL | NS | CO | TJ | WS | FL | LS | KA | MA | LR | NC | SY | SA | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democrats | Seats: | 22 | 16 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 94 | |
| Vote: | 55.51 | ||||||||||||||||
| United | Seats: | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | |
| Vote: | 33.14 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | Seats: | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Vote: | 11.35 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total seats | 28 | 21 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 125 | ||
Results by region[]
| Party | Central | West | East | North | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democrats | Seats: | 49 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 94 | |
| Vote: | 55.51 | ||||||
| United | Seats: | 17 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 30 | |
| Vote: | 33.14 | ||||||
| Other | Seats: | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Vote: | 11.35 | ||||||
| Total seats | 67 | 26 | 20 | 12 | 125 | ||
Seats changing hands[]
| Seat | Pre-1970 | Swing | Post-1970 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Member | Margin | Margin | Member | Party | ||||
| Aston, PL | United | Vincent Speakman | 7.55 | 10.29 | 2.74 | Frank Blackburn | Independent | ||
| Avalon City, FL | United | James Moynihan | 7.44 | 13.27 | 5.83 | Jasper Neal | Social Democrats | ||
| Bayswater, JZ | United | Spencer Fox | 11.61 | 13.24 | 1.63 | Simone Volakis | Social Democrats | ||
| Braddon, NS | United | George Alexopoulos | 4.39 | 10.53 | 6.14 | Nick Carey | Social Democrats | ||
| Cook, PL | United | Marcus Edwards | 4.78 | 8.53 | 3.75 | Carl Bailey | Social Democrats | ||
| Devereaux, PL | United | Charlie Punch | 5.50 | 8.40 | 2.90 | Larry Valencia | Social Democrats | ||
| East Shore, JZ | United | Anthony Babbage | 7.61 | 9.66 | 2.05 | Joan Swanson | Social Democrats | ||
| Epsom, NS | United | Geoff Fox | 8.52 | 11.00 | 2.48 | Eddie Maddox | Social Democrats | ||
| Formosa, JZ | United | Chris Freeman | 13.37 | 15.65 | 2.28 | Bill Bennett | Social Democrats | ||
| Forrest, MA | United | Daniel Davies | 8.88 | 12.25 | 3.37 | Clancy Street | Social Democrats | ||
| Gardner, JZ | United | Tommy Gruen | 3.34 | 19.01 | 15.67 | Harry O'Donnell | Social Democrats | ||
| Gibson, PL | United | notional – new seat | 4.32 | 8.60 | 4.28 | John Morris | Social Democrats | ||
| Hannigan, JZ | United | Caldwell Pope | 4.38 | 17.95 | 13.57 | Sam Donovan | Social Democrats | ||
| Hexham, PL | United | Max Chambers | 1.52 | 12.41 | 10.89 | Tom Johnston | Social Democrats | ||
| Kingfisher, FL | United | Michael Kent | 15.10 | 15.35 | 0.25 | John Beringer | Social Democrats | ||
| Kingston, PL | United | David Wallace | 3.93 | 10.86 | 6.93 | Jeff Brown | Social Democrats | ||
| Lake Macquarie, KA | United | Jeremy Kenner | 10.06 | 12.86 | 2.80 | Douglas Chang | Social Democrats | ||
| Latham, WS | United | Daniel Glen | 3.20 | 10.30 | 7.10 | John Murphy-Day | Social Democrats | ||
| Leightonfield, NS | United | Aaron Lilley | 2.49 | 28.66 | 26.17 | Michael Warner | Social Democrats | ||
| Longshan West, LS | United | Warren Fawcett | 4.23 | 15.31 | 11.08 | Charlie Lin | Social Democrats | ||
| Lowe, JZ | United | Will Jansen | 2.00 | 5.13 | 3.13 | Hayden Burgess | Social Democrats | ||
| Lyndhurst, NS | United | Joseph McMullin | 1.86 | 12.85 | 10.99 | Ruth Ziegler | Social Democrats | ||
| Lynn, PL | New Democratic | Jeremy Wong | 2.54* | 10.01 | 7.47 | Lionel Wicks | Social Democrats | ||
| Nishihama, TJ | United | Daniel De Jong | 6.65 | 8.76 | 2.11 | Craig Taggart | Social Democrats | ||
| Normanhurst, CO | United | Terry Ziegler | 9.54 | 13.52 | 3.98 | Len Trevarthen | Social Democrats | ||
| Oxley, CO | United | Peter Washington | 11.82 | 15.83 | 4.01 | Harry Cortez | Social Democrats | ||
| O'Malley, MA | United | Adrian Miller | 4.36 | 6.69 | 2.33 | Pete Randall | Social Democrats | ||
| Plymouth Northern, PL | United | Ron Corbett | 14.84 | 16.22 | 1.38 | Oscar Reid | Social Democrats | ||
| Rockingham North, CO | United | Thomas Moss | 0.47 | 12.69 | 12.22 | David Drew | Social Democrats | ||
| Sierra, SA | United | Keith Martin | 7.08 | 12.77 | 5.69 | Owen McKinley | Social Democrats | ||
| Simpson, CO | United | Rowan Irons | 5.56 | 8.82 | 3.26 | Frank Hunter | Social Democrats | ||
| Spilner, WS | United | Margaret Dock | 5.16 | 9.61 | 4.45 | Alex Reynolds | Social Democrats | ||
| Stewart, PL | United | Don Lee | 7.40 | 12.64 | 5.24 | George Coombes | Social Democrats | ||
| Summer Coast, WS | United | Timothy Snell | 0.29 | 16.32 | 16.03 | Stu Weston | Social Democrats | ||
| Timmermans, NS | United | John Paul Simmons | 1.20 | 7.25 | 6.05 | Jonas Bloemen | Social Democrats | ||
| Tojima West, TJ | United | R. T. Jackson | 7.27 | 9.44 | 2.17 | Rudy Horne | Social Democrats | ||
| Van Buren, SA | United | Isaac Vermaat | 4.10 | 8.42 | 4.32 | Martin Wagner | Social Democrats | ||
| Warwick, FL | United | Frank Holden | 8.25 | 12.88 | 4.63 | Ian Bowden | Social Democrats | ||
| Whetstone, JZ | United | Edwin Peterson | 6.34 | 7.06 | 0.72 | Joe Willems-Bosman | Social Democrats | ||
| Wolseley, NS | United | Mike Behrens | 6.58 | 9.83 | 3.25 | Malcolm Brown | Social Democrats | ||
- Lynn, PL, won by United at the previous election, was won by the New Democratic Party in a 1968 by-election. The margin listed above is the by-election margin.
Background[]
Parties[]
| Name | Ideology | Party leader | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1966 result | At dissolution | ||||
| United Party | Conservative liberalism | Alex Holthe | 70 / 125
|
69 / 125
| |
| Social Democratic Party | Social democracy | Calvin Rhinehart | 55 / 125
|
55 / 125
| |
| New Democratic Party | Classical liberalism | Susan Liew | 0 / 125
|
1 / 125
| |
Changes in parliamentary composition[]
| Seat | Before | Change | After | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | Type | Reason | Date | Member | Party | |||
| Bayswater, JZ | Benjamin Thrailkill | United | By-election | Death | 3 June 1967 | Spencer Fox | United | ||
| Lynn, PL | Nigel Robinson | United | By-election | Resignation | 10 August 1968 | Jeremy Wong | New Democratic | ||
| Jackson, JZ | Eugene Macdonald | Social Democrats | By-election | Resignation | 10 May 1969 | Hamish Lewis | Social Democrats | ||
Pendulum[]
| SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (94) | |||
| Marginal | |||
| Kingfisher (FL) | John Beringer | SDP | 0.25 |
| Whetstone (JZ) | Joe Willems-Bosman | SDP | 0.72 |
| Plymouth Northern (PL) | Oscar Reid | SDP | 1.38 |
| Bayswater (JZ) | Simone Volakis | SDP | 1.63 |
| Yamaguchi (TJ) | Ken Tamura | SDP | 1.76 |
| East Shore (JZ) | Joan Swanson | SDP | 2.05 |
| Nishihama (TJ) | Craig Taggart | SDP | 2.11 |
| Tojima West (TJ) | Rudy Horne | SDP | 2.17 |
| Formosa (JZ) | Bill Bennett | SDP | 2.28 |
| O'Malley (MA) | Pete Randall | SDP | 2.33 |
| Epsom (NS) | Eddie Maddox | SDP | 2.48 |
| Barris (JZ) | Frances Crawford | SDP | 2.78 |
| Lake Macquarie (KA) | Douglas Chang | SDP | 2.80 |
| Devereaux (PL) | Larry Valencia | SDP | 2.90 |
| Lowe (JZ) | Hayden Burgess | SDP | 3.13 |
| Wolseley (NS) | Malcolm Brown | SDP | 3.25 |
| Simpson (CO) | Frank Hunter | SDP | 3.26 |
| Forrest (MA) | Clancy Street | SDP | 3.37 |
| Johnson (PL) | Jack Warren | SDP | 3.66 |
| Cook (PL) | Carl Bailey | SDP | 3.75 |
| Normanhurst (CO) | Len Trevarthen | SDP | 3.98 |
| Oxley (CO) | Harry Cortez | SDP | 4.01 |
| Gibson (PL) | John Morris | SDP | 4.28 |
| Van Buren (SA) | Martin Wagner | SDP | 4.32 |
| Spilner (WS) | Alex Reynolds | SDP | 4.45 |
| Warwick (FL) | Ian Bowden | SDP | 4.63 |
| Wollstonecraft (LR) | Darlene McDonald | SDP | 4.77 |
| Cunningham (SY) | Earl Ousley | SDP | 5.07 |
| Stewart (PL) | George Coombes | SDP | 5.24 |
| Sierra (SA) | Owen McKinley | SDP | 5.69 |
| Avalon City (FL) | Jasper Neal | SDP | 5.83 |
| Fairly safe | |||
| Timmermans (NS) | Jonas Bloemen | SDP | 6.05 |
| Braddon (NS) | Nick Carey | SDP | 6.14 |
| Jackson (JZ) | Hamish Lewis | SDP | 6.38 |
| Duyfken (SY) | Glen Ellis | SDP | 6.56 |
| Eltham (JZ) | Dylan Collins | SDP | 6.81 |
| Kingston (PL) | Jeff Brown | SDP | 6.93 |
| Latham (WS) | John Murphy-Day | SDP | 7.10 |
| Devon (PL) | Arthur Finlay | SDP | 7.44 |
| Lynn (PL) | Lionel Wicks | SDP | 7.47 |
| Endeavour (CO) | Carl Feighan | SDP | 8.19 |
| Forsythia Central (NS) | Jack Bancroft | SDP | 8.89 |
| South Harvey (TJ) | Peter Zhang | SDP | 9.18 |
| Tanshui (JZ) | Sean Preston | SDP | 9.31 |
| Coburn (NS) | Ben Wall | SDP | 9.77 |
| Safe | |||
| Palmerston East (LS) | Scott McKinnon | SDP | 10.33 |
| Hexham (PL) | Tom Johnston | SDP | 10.89 |
| Lyndhurst (NS) | Ruth Ziegler | SDP | 10.99 |
| Longshan West (LS) | Charlie Lin | SDP | 11.08 |
| Nanshan (LS) | Dwight Suzuki | SDP | 11.30 |
| St Claire (PL) | Richard Hart | SDP | 11.31 |
| Lewisham (PL) | Luke Hodges | SDP | 12.02 |
| Heathbridge (JZ) | Danny George | SDP | 12.22 |
| Rockingham North (CO) | David Drew | SDP | 12.22 |
| Wellington (JZ) | Stephen Laing | SDP | 12.27 |
| Jingcheng (LS) | Lillian Atkins | SDP | 12.39 |
| Rockingham Central (CO) | Austin Shillingford | SDP | 13.37 |
| Newton (JZ) | Louise Haase | SDP | 13.49 |
| Hannigan (JZ) | Sam Donovan | SDP | 13.57 |
| Hamilton (WS) | Reg Wardell | SDP | 13.70 |
| Edison (JZ) | William Watt | SDP | 13.97 |
| Nanhai (PL) | Joe Moriarty | SDP | 14.11 |
| Shirakawa Central (TJ) | Jon Nakamura | SDP | 14.24 |
| Hayakita (TJ) | Danielle Lawrie | SDP | 14.49 |
| Rockingham South (CO) | Bert Ollongren | SDP | 15.30 |
| Gardner (JZ) | Harry O'Donnell | SDP | 15.67 |
| Fairfield (NC) | Benjamin Leitner | SDP | 15.91 |
| Summer Coast (WS) | Stu Weston | SDP | 16.03 |
| Cheltenham (CO) | Mike Saunders | SDP | 16.35 |
| Kingscliffe (JZ) | James Thorpe | SDP | 16.66 |
| Durston (TJ) | Curt Goodwin | SDP | 16.80 |
| Douglas (PL) | Tim Arnett | SDP | 17.37 |
| Parkes (JZ) | Calvin Rhinehart | SDP | 17.94 |
| Nottingham (MA) | Hugh Dunford | SDP | 18.11 |
| Chung'an (LS) | Andrew Rolland | SDP | 18.24 |
| Kensington (JZ) | Scott Jackson | SDP | 18.70 |
| Wentworth (JZ) | Jeremy Hagans | SDP | 19.35 |
| Very safe | |||
| Woodleigh (NS) | John Sullivan | SDP | 20.93 |
| Taylor (PL) | Brendan Mulligan | SDP | 20.95 |
| Port William (WS) | Thomas Groff | SDP | 21.07 |
| Torrens (JZ) | Toby Price | SDP | 21.76 |
| Mizuoka (KA) | Aaron Crowe | SDP | 22.29 |
| Taralga (KA) | Vic Cooper | SDP | 22.39 |
| Harvey (TJ) | Cheryl White | SDP | 22.43 |
| Grey (NS) | Ed Allison | SDP | 22.67 |
| Reedijk (CO) | Taylor Colbeck | SDP | 23.66 |
| Palmerston West (LS) | Ray Sutton | SDP | 24.84 |
| Leightonfield (NS) | Michael Warner | SDP | 26.17 |
| Victoria (PL) | Darnell Walker | SDP | 27.70 |
| Shirakawa South (TJ) | Jim Halston | SDP | 27.94 |
| Dover (NC) | Alex Dos Santos | SDP | 29.61 |
| Bexley (JZ) | Margaret Lyons | SDP | 29.95 |
| Outer Harbour (JZ) | Jens Larsson | SDP | 32.26 |
| Karburgh (NC) | Billy Caines | SDP | 34.68 |
| UNITED SEATS (30) | |||
| Marginal | |||
| Hunter (LR) | Frederick Bosman | UP | 0.21 |
| Cremorne (JZ) | Tom Rankin | UP | 0.34 |
| Hacking (NS) | Jack Deane | UP | 0.45 |
| Rock Valley (NS) | Rupert Clarke | UP | 0.51 |
| Rosslea (JZ) | Jim Cargill | UP | 0.88 |
| Linden (JZ) | Roger Baker | UP | 1.96 |
| Brighton (JZ) | Christopher Gallagher | UP | 1.97 |
| Fairfax (FL) | Alex Holthe | UP | 2.00 |
| Roscoe (WS) | Lyndon Howison | UP | 2.37 |
| Mount Gilbert (MA) | Paul O'Neill | UP | 2.38 |
| Wendell (PL) | Charles Bland | UP | 2.61 |
| Kuiper (TJ) | David Kawasaki | UP | 2.85 |
| Plymouth Southern (PL) | Brad Toole | UP | 3.04 |
| Mayfair (CO) | Jan Peter De Vries | UP | 3.31 |
| Berkeley (PL) | Paul Everman | UP | 3.49 |
| McLaughlin (LR) | Matthew Spradlin | UP | 3.56 |
| Goulburn (KA) | William Floyd | UP | 4.19 |
| Monash (NS) | William Carroll | UP | 4.33 |
| Harrison (FL) | Richard Irwin | UP | 4.54 |
| Merewether (NS) | Ingrid Olson | UP | 5.31 |
| Dorterhoek (JZ) | Keith Herbert | UP | 5.36 |
| Brooklyn (JZ) | Robert Vandyne | UP | 5.62 |
| Fairly safe | |||
| Middle Range (WS) | John Epstein | UP | 6.09 |
| Carlisle (FL) | Jeremy Kohler | UP | 6.53 |
| Marshall Bay (CO) | Frank Schaffer | UP | 7.52 |
| Sunshine (TJ) | Lawrence McMahon | UP | 9.19 |
| Epping (PL) | Vincent Speakman | UP | 9.77 |
| Safe | |||
| Double Bay (NS) | Bert Campbell | UP | 11.04 |
| Kennedy (WS) | Clive Dobson | UP | 12.14 |
| Tregear (CO) | Blake Edwards | UP | 14.55 |
| CROSSBENCH SEATS (1) | |||
| Aston (PL) | Frank Blackburn | IND | 2.74 |